In 1981, he made an HBO Special, Freddie the Freeloaders Christmas Dinner and three years later, he performed at the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. Join thought-provoking conversations, follow other Independent readers and see their replies. He also spent more time on his lifetime love of painting, usually of clown images, and his works began to attract prices in the high five figures. His son, Richard Freeman Skelton was born on May 20, 1948 and died on May 10, 1958 of leukemia, just 10 days before his 10th birthday. Outlander star Caitriona Balfe swears by the same brand. Valentina Marie Skelton Death Fact Check Valentina is alive and kicking and is currently 75 years old. It means you can do everything - sing, dance and, above all, make people laugh.". Red Skelton real name was Richard Bernard Eheart. Learn about Red Skelton Net Worth, Biography, Age, Birthday, Height, Early Life, Family, Dating, Partner, Wiki and Facts. George Gobel, Vi Velasco, Red Skelton on Red Skelton Hour, Red Skelton - The Lowdown Magazine Pictorial [United States] (July 1966). School: St. Martin of Tours (private Catholic School, West Los Angeles) [2]. She had a prominent role in the British tween show So Awkward, but it was Ren: The Girl with the Mark, an adventure series financed through Kickstarter, that really launched Skelton's career. | They had two children but the younger Richard died of leukaemia just before his 10th birthday in 1958 and the grief-stricken Skelton embarked on a strenuous work schedule as therapy. After buying, Red Skelton'sstock, Wynn took the boy backstage and introduced. Georgia Maureen Skelton Age 54 Born Saturday 17 Sep 1921 Died 10 May 1976 Start a FameChain His Other Children Children Together Valentina Skelton born 1945, age 73 (approx.) He dropped out of school and became an expert performer, working in showboats and the local vaudeville circuit. By age 15, had hit the road full-time as an entertainer, working everywhere, TheRed Skelton Bridgespans the Wabash River and provides the highway link between Illinois and Indiana on Highway 50, near his hometown of Vincennes, Indiana. Skelton credits her arduous ballet practices with her ability to get through long filming days. His net worth has been growing significantly in 2021-2022. Helen Skelton and Vito Coppola have reportedly been enjoying some low-key dates together after growing close on the Strictly Come Dancing tour. He went on to perform in minstrel shows, burlesque shows, circuses, and radio. His relationship status is single. Who is Red Skelton dating? "I love watching Audrey Hepburn films. After appearances onThe Rudy Vallee Showin 1937,Redbecame a regular on NBC's Avalon Time, sponsored by Avalon Cigarettes. They met while "Walkathon" dance partners. In 1969, he performed a self-written soliloquy about the Pledge of Allegiance. We may earn commission from the links on this page. i Lt. Glenn Simmons, chief of the Clark County sheriff's | detectives, said the shooting occurred in Mrs. Skelton's room at the Sands Hotel on the Las Vegas "Strip" where her husband currently is appearing, j "Officers were unable to For several years thereafter she remained close to him as a joke . Red Skelton himself got one of his earliest tastes ofshow business with thesame circus as a teenager. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. This was one of many ideas which had earlier been used in films of Buster Keaton and which the great silent star, then working as a gagman at MGM, reworked for Skelton. She was previously married to Carlos Jose Alonso. In season 5 of Outlander, premiering February 16, Bree grapples with a new life phase: motherhood. Three years later, Red Skeltons Favorite Ghost Stories was published. The next year, he became extremely famous with his portrayal of the clown in Freddie the Freeloader. But the actress is naturally brunette. He's also notable for hosting his self-titled show called The Red Skelton Show. To make an already momentous change more challenging, Bree is raising her son in colonial North Carolina, an era far different than the '60s United States she once called home. Red Skelton girlfriend, wife list. Her son, Richard Freeman Skelton was born on May 20, 1948 and died on May 10, 1958 of Leukemia, just 10 days before his 10th birthday. He moved from movies and radio to television when NBC inaugurated The Red Skelton Show in 1951. Red Skeltonwas drafted in March 1944, and the popular series was discontinued June 6, 1944. He established Red-Eo-Tape (Red-Tape) Video Productions. She is an actress, known for The Red Skelton Hour (1951), The Wizard of Oz (1959) and America's Clown: An Intimate Biography of Red Skelton (2014). Quote Of The Day | Top 100 Quotes, See the events in life of Red Skelton in Chronological Order, http://www.redskeltoncomedyshow.com/freddie_the_freeloader.html. You'll Be Surprised, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Here's what you need to know about the 25-year-old British actress, who dons an American accent for the show. Lancashire Telegraph . At age 18, he married Edna Marie Stilwell, an usher who became his vaudeville partner and later his chief writer and manager. 1947/05/05 1947. For two decades, until 1971, his show consistently stayed in the top twenty, both on NBC and CBS. He hadMickey Rooney guest star on his television show. His first audition was at age 10 for a role in a medicine show. In later years, he worked from a studio on a 602-acre ranch he and his wife, Lothian, purchased in 1986 just outside Palm Desert. Skeltons father, a circus clown, died two months before Skelton was born, and he had to help support himself from an early age. | Plus, her dad's about to get embroiled in a pre-Revolutionary War conflict. Countryfile presenter and mum-of-three Helen Skelton got to the final on Strictly Come Dancing with her partner Gorka Marquez but has been getting close to fellow dancer Vito Coppola on the tour You may be able to find the same content in another format, or you may be able to find more information, at their web site. At 84 years old, Red Skelton height He kept himself busy by performing in nightclubs, casinos and other prestigious venues such as the Carnegie Hall. He had three older brothers: Denny Ishmael Skelton (1905-1943), Christopher M. Skelton (1907-1977) and Paul Fred Skelton (1910-1989). He continued performing live until illness, and he was a longtime supporter of children's charities. Family (4) Trivia (3) In 2014, Skelton auditioned for the part of Jamie and Claire's red-headed daughterand didn't hear back from producers for a year. I really enjoyed both his movies and TV shows. About Red Skelton. On May 17, 2006, the Vincennes Sun-Commercial reported that a non-profit group inRed'shometown of Vincennes, began to renovate the historic Pantheon Theater. Soon, she was attending class every day. Red Skeltonalso helped sell WWII war bonds on the top-rated show, which featuredOzzie and Harriet Nelsonin the supporting cast, plus the Ozzie Nelson Orchestra and announcer Truman Bradley. Red was one of the very best comedians. He continued to entertain audiences with live performances. His home life was not completely happy--two divorces and a son Richard who died of leukemia at age nine--and he did not hang around with other comedians. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. His zodiac sign is Cancer. He is a member of famous Writer with the age 84 years old group. ANCHO MIRAGE, Calif., May 11 (AP)The 54yearold former wife of Red Skelton, the comedian, has been found dead; from an apparentely selfinflicted gunshot wound, sheriff's; deputies say. While performing in Kansas City in 1930,Red Skeltonmet and married his first wife, Edna Stillwell. He is buried in Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. Often compared to Buster Keaton - he remade several Keaton films, and Keaton was a gagman for him at MGM - he is less warmly remembered today, and his champions profess that his greatest work was on American radio and television. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'buzzlearn_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_8',129,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-buzzlearn_com-large-leaderboard-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'buzzlearn_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_9',129,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-buzzlearn_com-large-leaderboard-2-0_1');.large-leaderboard-2-multi-129{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Before he was famous, After the death of his father, he first started work at the age of seven as a newspaper salesman. Brianna is supposed to have the same curly red hair as her father, Jamie. For more ways to live your best life plus all things Oprah, sign up for our newsletter! Red Skelton died in a hospital in Palm Springs, California of pneumonia on September 17, 1997. Star of "The Red Skelton Show" on NBC Radio (1941-1949) and CBS Radio (1949-1953). In 1923, fate played its cards when Ed Wynn, a comedian, bought all the papers from . Sophie Skelton plays Brianna Randall, Jamie (Sam Heughan) and Claire Fraser's (Caitriona Balfe) daughter in the Outlander series. The couple lived together till his death. In the speech, he commented on what each line of the pledge symbolizes. Skelton was born on March 7, 1994 in Cheshire, U.K. Skelton has two older brothers. He made his film debut in 1938 (as Richard Skelton) in the RKO film Having Wonderful Time, performing his doughnut-dunking routine as part of his role as a summer-camp entertainer, and followed this with appearances in some Vitaphone shorts. news In Neptune's Daughter (1949) Skelton was one of the quartet of stars (with Esther Williams, Betty Garrett and Ricardo Montalban) who introduced Frank Loesser's Oscar-winning song "Baby, It's Cold Outside". Marie Skelton-Alonso, and introduced millions of people to a comic cast characters. This was the third movie that paired . Keaton allegedly asked Louis B. Mayer to let him work with Skelton as an independent unit within the company, using his own stories, gags, production and directing, even offering not to take a salary until the films had proved their box-office worth, but Mayer refused to give Keaton such authority. 1. Red Skelton and Lothian Toland were married f Red Skelton and Georgia Davis were divorced o Edna Skelton and Red Skelton were divorced in Yvonne De Carlo and Red Skelton were in a rel Red Skelton and Lupe Velez were in a relation See His daughter Valentina Marie Skelton was born on May 5, 1947. 1953 Half a Hero (MGM) A magazine writer struggles with expenses of having a family and living in the suburbs. MGM signed him to a contract in 1941, and after trying him out in supporting roles, notably as a well-meaning but slow- witted orderly in two Dr Kildare films, gave him the leading role of the Fox, a radio detective who finds himself involved in a real-life adventure, in Whistling in the Dark (1941). Clearly, the drama continues. At the time of his death, he lived in Anza, California, and was married to Lothian Skelton, his wife of 25 years. "Valentina Alonso on Red Skelton", Raised by the Stars, Nick Thomas, 2011 McFarland & Company, 1966/07/21 Indpls News "Skelton Hides Fear Over Wife". Red Skeltonwas a man of deep faith and staunch patriotic fervor, extremely proud of his 58 year membership in the Masons and the Shriners. Drama with comedy routines from Red Skelton's TV show. Like this story? Red Skelton had encounters with Yvonne De Carlo and Lupe Velez. He received a Lifetime Achievement Award from the Screen Actors Guild, in 1987. When Brianna was first introduced in season 2, Skelton played her as a "very guarded" teenager. Skelton's routine of a befuddled tenor with diction problems ("My dentist said I had wonderful teeth, great choppers - but my gums have to come out") is among the film's highlights. He was American by nationality. Seven years after their marriage,Red Skeltoncaught his big break in two media at once: radio and film. His father, a circus clown, died when he was two months old, and his mother worked as a charlady (Red was the youngest of her four sons). if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'buzzlearn_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_6',126,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-buzzlearn_com-medrectangle-3-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'buzzlearn_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_7',126,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-buzzlearn_com-medrectangle-3-0_1');.medrectangle-3-multi-126{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Red is originated from United States. First and foremost, he considered himself a clown, although not the greatest, and his paintings of clowns brought in a fortune after he left television. Red Skelton and Lothian Toland were married for 24 years before Red Skelton died aged 84. Mr. Skelton's 1931 marriage to Edna Stillwell, a 15-year-old usher at a Kansas City burlesque house, ended in divorce in 1943. So, how much is Red Skelton worth at the age of 84 years old? Red Skelton Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. TheRed Skelton Bridgespans the Wabash River and provides the highway link between Illinois and Indiana on Highway 50, near his hometown of Vincennes, Indiana. Shipped overseas to serve with an Army entertainment unit as a private,Red Skeltonhad a nervous breakdown in Italy, spent three months in a hospital and was discharged in September, 1945. Skelton was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1988. 1944 Spouse/Ex-: Edna Marie Stilwell (m. 1931; div. The poverty-stricken family lived in an attic, and Skelton left school at the age of 10 to join a medicine show, spending the rest of his youth entertaining wherever he could find an audience - showboats, minstrel shows, circuses, burlesque theatres. He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences in 1989. Five years later, he made his film debut in the role of a camp counselor in the movie Having Wonderful Time. Helen Skelton showed off her sense of style on Thursday as she was snapped heading out of the Morning Live studios in Manchester.. Redand Georgia divorced in 1972, and he married Lothian Toland in 1973, daughter of Gregg Toland, Academy Award winning cinematographer. On May 10, 1976, his ex-wife Georgia Davis committed suicide by gunshot on the 18th anniversary of their son's Richard Freeman Skelton's death. From there, Skelton broke into movies. Thanks to the magic of Hollywood makeup, Skelton passes as a Fraser in Outlander. She was previously married to Carlos Jose Alonso. On May 10, 1976 she committed suicide by gunshot on the 18th anniversary of her son's Richard Freeman Skelton death. Help keep Red Skelton profile up to date. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Red Skelton, byname of Richard Bernard Skelton, (born July 18, 1913, Vincennes, Indiana, U.S.died September 17, 1997, Rancho Mirage, California), American pantomimist and radio and television comedian, host, and star performer of the popular TV variety program The Red Skelton Show (195171; called The Red Skelton Hour from 1962 to 1970). They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. "It becomes a very second natured thing to have a good stamina, not only in terms of actual fitness, but also you have to have a poker face when youre on stage. EPISODE 1 - Ren: The Girl with the Mark - Season One, Everything You Need to Know About Outlander, How Sophie Skelton Refined Her American Accent, Where Is 'Outlander' Filmed? In 1990, aged 80, he gave a farewell performance at Carnegie Hall, his billing describing him simply as "One of America's Clowns". Prayer was banned from our schools. In Ziegfeld Follies (1946), Skelton put on film his "Guzzler's Gin" routine (retitled "When Television Comes"). Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Coincidentally, her brothers share names with prominent Outlander characters: Sam and Roger. In those 60s movies everything is usually so overplayed, but even when Audrey has to be big she makes things look so natural and real," Skelton said, citing Roman Holiday as her particular favorite. Due to the early death of his father he started working as a newspaper boy at the age of seven. 1965 - Graduates from Palm Spring High School. Childhood & Early Life. Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged inPlease refresh your browser to be logged in, Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile. AnotherRed Skeltonstaple, a pantomime of the crowd at a small town parade as the American flag passes by, reflectedRed Skelton'srural, Americana tastes. * Red Skelton is a comedian. He switched to the CBS network in 195354, where he remained for nearly two decades. In a People Magazine interview late in his life, Skelton admitted that he fudged his officially accepted birth year, but did not elaborate. He also composed music which he sold to background music services such as Muzak. During this time, he also began producing art work, but he kept it a secret. Redand Lothian Skelton loved horses and actually bred quarter horses at their ranch outside Palm Springs. The same year Skelton's own show started on CBS Television and was an enormous success. Red Skeltondied in a hospital in Palm Springs, California of pneumonia on September 17, 1997. And don't forget to check out our complete season 5 fan guide to the show. if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'buzzlearn_com-box-4','ezslot_2',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-buzzlearn_com-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'buzzlearn_com-box-4','ezslot_3',127,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-buzzlearn_com-box-4-0_1');.box-4-multi-127{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}Red Skelton birthday is on 18-Jul-13 and he was born on Friday. He is most remembered for The Red Skelton Show. Red Skelton's net worth She credits those afternoons spent with Ross, Rachel, and co. for the American accent she uses on Outlander. Sadly, the boy never got to grow up and have a life and career of his own. His wife is Lothian Toland (8 October1973 - 17 September1997)( his death), Georgia Davis (9 March1945 - 6 September1973)( divorced)( 2 children), Edna Marie Stilwell (1 June1932 - 18 February1943)( divorced). Side at the opening of the most illustrious faces of & # x27 ; t have easiest. He is from USA. became part of the American lexicon. Redand Edna had a vaudeville act and traveled throughout the midwest and Canada. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! Her daughter Valentina Marie Skelton was born on May 5, 1947. 1966 - College of the Desert (Palm Spring). In 1923, fate played its cards when Ed Wynn, a comedian, bought all the papers from Skelton and offered to take him backstage for a show in town. Hes also notable for hosting his self-titled show called The Red Skelton Show. Bet her American accent in Outlander had you fooled, right? On December 4, 1945, The Raleigh Cigarette Program resumed where it left off withRed Skeltonintroducing some new characters, including Bolivar Shagnasty and J. Newton Numbskull. 1959/12 - Hosted a TV showing of "The Wizard of Oz" with Red Skelton. Red is also well known as, Actor known as a TV clown who portrayed Clem Kadiddlehopper in The Raleigh Cigarette Program. Richard Bernard 'Red' Skelton was born on 18 July 1913, to circus clown, Joseph E. Skelton and house help, Ida Mae, in Vincennes, Indiana. See also Tens of millions of Americans were rendered speechless. Valentina Marie Skelton (daughter), Richard Freeman Skelton (son) Friend. Served in the United States Army during World War II (1944-1945). The presenter and Strictly Come Dancing star, 39, teamed a taupe . In 1960, he purchased the old Charles Chaplin Studios on La Brea Avenue, where he produced his weekly television shows. The pressures of entertaining troops, and fulfilling his duties as a soldier, resulted in Skelton's hospitalization for a nervous breakdown in 1945. The next season of Outlander will showcase Skelton's talentsand maybe make you like Bree. Also learn how He earned most of Red Skelton networth? He was born on July 18, 1913 at Vincennes, Indiana, United States. Before that, however, he, Vincennes, Indiana, trying to help his family. Obituary: Red Skelton Richard Bennett (Red) Skelton, actor and comedian: born Vincennes, Indiana 18 July 1910; married 1931 Edna Stillwell (marriage dissolved 1943), 1945 Georgia Maureen. In 1945, he married Georgia Davis, and the couple had two children, Richard and Valentina. Strictly star Helen Skelton has reminded people to 'not ignore what is on their doorstep' during a visit to Blackburn. Before that, however, hehad been given the show businessbug at age ten by entertainerEd Wynn, whospotted him selling newspapers in frontof thePantheon Theatre, inVincennes, Indiana, trying to help his family. He meets Edna Stillwell, an usher at the Pantage Theater. Apart from being a comedian, he also created background music which he sent to corporations like Muzak. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 18 July. Join the conversation. He was also famous from other names as . "I just want to be known as a clown because to me that's the height of my profession. She refined her American accent by watching Friends. Publicity Listings quotes, Other Works Official Sites, America's Clown: An Intimate Biography of Red Skelton, View agent, publicist, legal and company contact details on IMDbPro. Valentina Marie Skelton was born on May 5, 1947 in Santa Monica, California, USA. Red was survived by his widow, Lothian Toland Skelton; his daughter, Valentina Marie Skelton Alonso; and granddaughter Sabrina Maureen Alonso. This was made while he was on loan to Columbia as MGM tried to find suitable scripts. The couple both starred in Day of the Dead: Bloodline. Jane Russell stars as Lillian Martin, a saloon girl who lives a double life as an outlaw. Neptune's Daughter is a 1949 Technicolor musical romantic comedy film released by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer starring Esther Williams, Red Skelton, Ricardo Montalbn, Betty Garrett, Keenan Wynn, Xavier Cugat and Mel Blanc.It was directed by Edward Buzzell, and features the debut of the Academy Award-winning song "Baby, It's Cold Outside" by Frank Loesser.. The brand ambassador cut the ribbon and welcomed customers as they entered the store. He is famous for being a successful Actor. .css-ssumvd{display:block;font-family:Gilroy,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:1.0625rem;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.25;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-ssumvd:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-ssumvd{letter-spacing:0rem;margin-top:0.9375rem;}}Gayle King Interviews Angela Bassett, Dwyane Wades Daughter Granted Legal Name Change, Gayle Says March Is a Good Month for TV Lovers, The "Friends" Women Reunite to Celebrate Courteney, The Reason Hoda Kotb Hasn't Been on the Today Show, Keke Palmer Is a New Mom! 25 years later they divorced on 6th Sep 1973. He debuted on Broadway and radio in 1937 and on film in 1938. In 1951 (the same year the network introduced I Love Lucy), CBS beckonedRed Skeltonto bring his radio show to television. every member of the show with which he was traveling. Born in Vincennes, Indiana,Richard (Red) Skeltonwas the son of aHagenbeck-Wallace Circus clown named Joseph who died in 1913 shortlybefore the birth ofhis son. An enormous success, the film featured a classic Skelton routine (devised by Keaton) in which, having enrolled in a girls' school to be near his wife, he is forced to take ballet lessons (complete with tutu) and makes increasingly desperate efforts to free himself of a persistently adhesive chocolate wrapper while dancing. He collected the best stories in self-published chatbooks. Then, Skelton was called in for another audition, and then endured a few more months of radio silence. Clem had an unintentional knack for upstaging high society slickers, even if he couldn't manipulate his cynical father: "When the stork brought you, Clem, I shoulda shot him on sight!" About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Richard Bernard Red Skelton was born on 18 July 1913, to circus clown, Joseph E. Skelton and house help, Ida Mae, in Vincennes, Indiana. He reprised some of his most famous characters on the show including George Appleby and Clem Kaddiddlehopper, which made the show a hit with audiences. Skelton was now at the peak of his film career, and his show Red Skelton's Scrapbook of Satire had been judged the third most popular programme on radio (the first two being The Bob Hope Show and Fibber McGee and Molly). In 1947, he was seen in the film adaptation of Merton of the Movies. 1943), Georgia Davis (m. 1945; div. Red Skelton was one of the people I grew up watching on TV. A red-haired, rubber-faced comedian who was one of MGM's top stars in the Forties, Red Skelton excelled in zany, bubble-headed characterisations and such sketches as his famous "Guzzler's Gin" routine, in which, while doing a commercial for the potent product, he became hilariously drunker. A swimsuit fashion designer is determined to protect her scatterbrained sister from a South American heartbreaker, but a case of mistaken identity complicates matters. Omissions? is 6'2"(1.88m) . Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines or How I Flew from London to Paris in 25 hours 11 minutes (1965), https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/red-skelton-4083.php, 20th Century Film & Theater Personalities, 20th Century American Film & Theater Personalities, Outstanding Writing Achievement in Comedy. This content is imported from youTube.
Colorado Speeding Ticket Fines,
Workers' Comp Settlement For Herniated Disc Surgery,
Sermon For Anniversary Sunday,
Articles H
