For girls, the popular classical names include Fidelia, Hulda, Leta, Minerva, Narcissa, Parthena and Sophrona. The Spanish language and naming systems date back to Ancient Rome. List of the most common Surnames in Spain. She was an assistant to Charles Babbage, the inventor of an early mechanical computer. Robert Dennis's stereographs collection includes more than 72,000 stereoscopic views organized primarily by geography. If your ancestors come from Spain, you may have a great-grandfather named Antonio, a great-aunt Carmen, or a great-uncle Jos.These names were among the most popular in Spain in past generations. Reflections on the liberal revolution & the Spanish Church in the 19th century. 10/40. For thousands of years, those with two surnames were only royalty and the upper class. This was the surname of the Spanish surrealist painter Salvador Dal (1904-1989). I actually know someone named Eligio. Spanish Painter Francisco Goya, 1749-1848. A person who had the surname Morales can have that name traced back to an ancestor who lived near blackberry groves, while people who lived near eagles nests would have the surname Aguilar. - 1544), but later changed to the present name in honor of Philip II of Spain who reigned from . : A last name that originated from the Latin word marinus meaning sailor, : A last name associated with the nobility of Spain, as it means marquis, : Taken from the Spanish word meaning brave, : A common name in Spain which meant courteous. The first half of the 1800s witnessed unprecedented population growth in Puerto Rico. 288, 01.12.2003, p. 255-333. 19th-Century Fashion. 12. I love these!!! Want to discover more about your family history? The 19th century Beau Brummell The influence of national features in dress had been declining since about 1675 and by 1800 had become negligible; from then on fashionable dress design was international. [Tina, Augustyna, Augustina, Auguste, Asta, .. 12 more], Aurora .. Used by 19th century poets such .. A very familiar girls' name (#44 IN 2018) which also exists somewhat frequently as a last name. Lucy (F) (English origin) means "light". : A last name that means son of Domingo, derived from the Latin domenicus or dominus meaning master. While rare, this name hit its popularity peak in 1913 and it means "given by God." These include Cyrus, Erasmus, Homer, Horace, Leonidas and Newton for boys. The changes had a bearing on the dress of officers and men of the Navy. . From 17th-century Spanish painter Diego Velzquez, who used brushstrokes reminiscent of 19th-century Impressionist painters, to trailblazer Jean-Michel Basquiat, . Popularity: Adelina has remained a fairly popular name, staying in the top 1000 since 1900. Paige is a lifelong storyteller and enthusiastic editor with a background in writing and digital marketing for B2B tech brands and online lifestyle publications. There are many syllables that may appear abbreviated using conventionalisms, such as: per, par, por, pro, mer, ser, ver, vir, etc. Spajic is one amongst the Serbo-Croatian last names are borne by the Serbs. A census of a Hispanic country will reveal that people take the first of their fathers two surnames and the first of their mothers two surnames as a last name. Arena was last found in 1890-1899 in the Top 2000. 19th Century Men's Victorian era Old Names & Nicknames 19th c. Names: Hundreds of popular 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th century Victorian nicknames for Genealogy, as well as Revolutionary war . Aibekeres Aiunesker Aius Amaina Amusico Alucio Arbiskar Bagarok Balcaldur Binturke Biurdiki Biurtan Budar . Sop-Dokic refers to the Serbian last name from the 19th Century bearing a rich cultural history. 42. Serrano - A topographic name for someone who lived by the mountains. Building a family tree is the perfect way to do that. His early works were influenced by Velasquez. Lindi means "hummingbird" in Tlahuica and Vico means "celebration" in Mixteco. Augusta .. the end of the 19th century. In Hispanic speaking countries like Argentina and Mexico that use double-barreled last names combine elements of Spanish last names with other cultures such as Italian or French surnames. Basquiat first made a name for himself when the graffiti tag SAMO appeared across New York City in the late 1970s. Adela .. revived in the 19th century, being .. Adely is also a marginally prominent baby name. [Rina, Karina, Kareena, Carrina, Carinna, Carin, Caren, .. 9 more], Carol .. the end of the 19th century .. Sormaz is the last name found in the Bosnian and Serbian language, and notable people bearing it include Dragan Sormaz, a Serbian politician. : Bartolome Gmez, Catalina Gonzlez, About a third of the names from the Catlogowere of this form. Verywell Family. Asturias (including Galicia from 739 and Leon from 855) Leon (including Asturias and Galicia) Leon and Castile . The Treaty of . [Allma, .. 1 more], Amabel Somewhat popular in the 19th century. However, what is most notable is how much higher Old Testament names -- Moses, Jabez, Emanuel, Jonas, Solomon, Elisha, Thirza, Deborah, Dinah, Judith -- ranked in 1850 compared with later decades, while the likes of Percy, Harold, Herbert, Ada, Beatrice and Maud, were yet . Where are all the Guadalupitas and Fulgencios? Download Image of Spanish Cathedral. Apply this search to the main name collection, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results. Today, as the status of Spanish in the country recovers from its 19th-century American defeat, the 21st century is pointing toward a new role for a language traditionally associated with colonial subjugation. Usually these symbols consist of the initial letter of the syllable with a curl or a line crossing the letter. ), Most Popular Spanish Surnames on FamilyEducation: Aguilar, Alvarez, Juarez, Ortiz, Ramirez, Rubio. Most of the growth resulted from Spanish immigration as a Spanish subjects from other parts of the hemisphere--including troops and other peninsulares from former Spanish possessions that had recently achieved their independence--and refugees from adjacent Caribbean islands came to Puerto Rico. Abel is a Spanish surname derived from the Hebrew name 'Hevel' referring to 'breath.'. : From alcalde meaning mayor in Spanish, : A surname meaning horseman or knight, with variations spelled as Caballero or Caballa. Find the perfect spain of the 17th century image. This new collection includes national and regional newspapers, as well as those from both established country or university towns and the new industrial powerhouses of the manufacturing Midlands . Ansurius m Medieval Spanish (Latinized) Aznaro m Medieval Spanish Spanish form of Aznar. Yes! Here are some examples of descriptive Spanish surnames. Ajal means "awakening" in Maya. : A geographic last name in Spain that means from the towers. Arena 19th century Americans may have named .. Less common today. : A name that means brown-haired or tan, : A pre-Roman name common in the Basque region, : A name with Germanic roots, meaning children of Fernando, : A common surname in Hispanic countries with Germanic roots, : A patronymic last name with Germanic roots that meant son of Rodrigo, : A last name with Latin roots that means of Mars. Let us be your muse! Contemporary gilets are used for additional warmth outdoors. [Edelle, Adellah, Adella, Adell, Adelia, Adele, Adalia, .. 3 more], Adeline .. Adelina Patti (late 19th century) and .. Common. Due to living under the Visigoth rule for much of the Middle Ages, today some of the most common Spanish last names are influenced by German first names and German name origins. My nephew is Joaquin with the nickname Jack and I just love it! 88. Reflections on the liberal revolution & the Spanish Church in the 19th century. Find premium, high-resolution illustrative art at Getty Images. Adoption of Aggi and forms was more pronounced among parents in the 1900s and is now less, with Agatha becoming less trendy. The European conquest of Latin America beginning in the late 15th century, was initially executed by male soldiers and sailors from the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). The name James has been a popular Victorian male names in the 1800s. The name Guadalupe moved from a feminine Hispanic name to a unisex Hispanic name after the 16th-century Mexican man Juan Diego experienced a series of Marian . Learn more about Spanish artists and their heritage. Adalberto m Italian, Spanish, Portuguese Variant of Alberto. If youre a budding photographer this section is for you. Top Spanish Baby Girl Names and Their Meanings. Portuguese last names, on the other hand, would have the suffixes es, as, is, or os. Some of the most beautiful Spanish surnames are descriptive names inspired by the names of places, animals, or physical traits. The Pueblo Revival is a 20th-century adaptation of a building type developed in the late-18th and early-19th centuries in New Mexico's Rio Grande Valley. Displayed on a custom teak stand. Not much is known about it, however it is speculated to have some relation to Aquitanian, and therefore also Basque. This last name means son of Hernando. This legacy is evident right from the get-go, as 'hello' (kumusta) is derived from Spanish's 'how are you?' (cmo est). Source: Redfin. list of Spanish monarchs Table of Contents. Military uniforms of Spain (20th century) (1 C, 18 F) Military uniforms of Spain (21st century) (1 C, 22 F) A. Spanish Air Force uniforms (1 C) . Here are a few of the most interesting Spanish surnames. with popular -ine last names Allwine (UPPER 41%), Antoline (98%). This name originated from the Basque word 'abas' meaning 'priest's meadow.'. Get your vintage photographs restored at a professional studio like Image Restoration Center. Spanish names typically came in the following forms: <given name> de <locative>. Many are unique, some are cute or beautiful, and others have an old-fashioned flavor and may even have biblical overtones, if thats what youre looking for. Simply click again to get 10 new random names. No need to register, buy now! As of 2013, these are the most common surnames in Spain. The fashion of the 19th century is renowned for its corsets, bonnets, top hats, bustles and petticoats. The Sara Lee company is an American . Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Military uniforms of Spain (19th century) (5 C, 104 F) 2. 19th Century Newspapers - European. Its time to take a trip through the annals of history. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. / Prada, Antonio Moliner. [Lina, Delly, Dallina, Dalina, Adline, Adelynn, Adellah, Adella, Adelina, Adalynn, .. 19 more], Agatha .. revived in the 19th century, but .. Their ancestors came from countries colonized by Spain, and these ancestors changed their names for government records under colonial rule. Summary Index of 19th century names [and variants] for girls. Gonzalez: A common surname in Hispanic countries with Germanic roots Rodriguez: A patronymic last name with Germanic roots that meant "son of Rodrigo" Lopez: A Latin last name that means "wolf" Martinez: A last name with Latin roots that means "of Mars" Sanchez: A Hispanic last name with Latin roots Victoria gave her name to an era in Western history. A name of Spanish origin, Buenaventura means "good tidings" or "good fortune," so it's definitely a good one to give any child. Basquiat was one of the first graffiti artists from the . 41. . 8. 10. Old Testament matriarch Sarah is probably the historically best known bearer of this name, although famous 19th century actress Sarah Bernhardt made quite an impression as well. His son would then be named Ruy Velasquez (Ruy, son of Velasco). FamilyEducation does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Apply this search to the user-submitted names, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results, the "relationship" is how the name relates to its parent name. 5. Take a look at our list of international baby names and our top 1,000 baby girl names for even more great ideas. De la Fuente Spanish Means "of the fountain" in Spanish. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast, A community for those interested in names. Read on to learn more about the roots of surnames in Spain, and how surname patterns have evolved over the centuries. Hundreds of popular Old 19th century Victorian Male, Boys, Men nicknames for Genealogy. Peak Popularity: Elena has been a long-established name for well over a century, although its popularity has been on the rise in the last 20 years. Old-fashioned "grandma" or "grandpa" names have been making a comeback in the United States for nearly a decade, but the trend seems to generally speak to traditional English names like Estelle and Dorothy or Archibald and Jasper. Your posts are welcome so long as they stay on topic and remain civil, Press J to jump to the feed. Explore the good, the bad, and the downright fascinating. In the first edition of El Quixote, in 1605, a diminutive of the word appeared: gilecuelo. Thinking about Spanish names for your baby girl? It may give you more information about the country and the main town your ancestors lived in. We've compiled some of our favorite abuelito names in the gallery above along with some of our. Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth's To-Do List for the 21st Century. Click here to find out more! Introduction Masculine given names, sorted by frequency Feminine given names, sorted alphabetically Feminine given names, sorted by frequency Patronymics, sorted by frequency Top names of the 1900s The following table shows the 200 most popular given names for male and female babies born during the 1900s. We've compiled some of our favorite abuelito names in the gallery above along with some of our favorite Life Picture Collection photos depicting childhood and family life in Mexico during the 1940s and 50s. 4. Use the list below to find your last name and learn about its meaning and origins. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for ANTIQUE 19TH CENTURY LARGE SPANISH BRASS DOG COLLAR ENGRAVED NAME CASTRO at the best online prices at eBay! From the 16th to 18th centuries, two treasure fleets sailed each year, one to Mexico and the other to Central America, then part of the Spanish Empire.There they collected precious eastern goods and the riches of the Americas, including tons of silver from mines in Peru and Mexico. About a third of the names from the Catlogo were of this form. Here is the list of 19th century names for boys. Sometimes, a parents name would be used as is hence, Hispanic people with the surnames Alonso and Vincente. . This list may not reflect recent changes. Who were some powerful queens, empresses, and other women rulers of the 19th century (1800 - 1899)? A Hispanic or Spanish-speaking person will typically have their mother's surname first, followed by their father's surname. [Laberta, Birta, Bird, Bertuska, Bertita, Berti, Berta, Berrtina, .. 13 more], Beryl .. the end of the 19th century .. But it's soooooo pretty! Who knows what incredible, inspiring stories you might find out about your ancestors? But choosing names is hard, we know, so if you havent yet found the perfect name, dont lose heart. Nineteenth century baby names and what they mean, with 137 results. For example, A'nayhuari, means "spirit of my ancestors" in Tarahumara. : Juan de Palencia, Mara de Recalde. These are lists of the most common Spanish surnames in Spain, Mexico, The Caribbean (Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic), and Guatemala. Photo restoration goes hand-in-hand with spending time with your family. For example, lets say a father named Diego Nunez Recio who is married to Juana Garcia Pelaez has a son named Fernando. Adoption of Berrie and forms grew 118 years ago, but now, Beryl has become less stylish. Spanish surnames can be divided into four basic naming patterns, each explaining their origin and how they have changed over generations. It was named after Queen Isabella I of Castile, who sponsored Christopher Columbus' expedition to the West Indies. For example, the surname "Valdez" is derived from the Old German word for bald. Camellia .. Alexandre Dumas' famous 19th century play .. Camellia and variants became more trendy in 2018, gaining +84 rankings as birth names with Camellia rising the most. Ex. Here you can find names from Spain for all your needs - by century and gender. The collection bears the name of the native New Yorker who assembled it over a period of more than six decades, Robert . Its extinction by the 2nd century AD was due to the ancient languages of Spain being replaced with Latin, which evolved into Spanish. Similarly, in places like Puerto Rico, many people have surnames of non-Spanish origins. Apply this search to the user-submitted names, the letters in the pattern are compared to the letters in the name, search for an exact phrase by surrounding it with double quotes, this field understands simple boolean logic, force a term to be included by preceding it with a, force a term to be excluded by preceding it with a, sounds can only be searched in names that have been assigned pronunciations, syllables can only be counted in names that have been assigned pronunciations, names without pronunciations are excluded from results, the "relationship" is how the name relates to its parent name, name impressions are based on the ratings left by the behindthename.com community. Famous name bearers: many King Louis of France, Sandra Bullock's son and actor Louis Partridge. Is the Stanley Quencher tumbler worth its TikTok hype? If youre uncertain about the origins of your last name, find out if it translates into a description of a place in Spain. 89. If youre looking to show some love to your family with a holiday gift, then this section is for you. Known as apellido in Spanish, nowadays people who live in countries with Hispanic surnames will have two surnames. : Common amongst Hispanic-speaking countries, this Latin name means son of Peter. [Berny, Bernita, Bernina, Bernetta, Bernee, Bernadine, Bernadett, Bernadet, Bernadea, Berna, .. 21 more], Bertha .. by Germany in the 19th century .. Bertha, Berte, etc. Whether you want to honor your Hispanic heritage, or would simply love a unique name for your little one, youll find a number of fitting options on this list of 85 Spanish names for baby girls. His nickname is Leaky. Juan Barbero, for example, would be Juan the barber. Once restored and colorized, you can show them to your relatives and ask them for more information about your family. 6. [ Aidah, Adie, Adey, Ade, Addiah, Addi, .. 9 more] Amelia .. : A Germanic-rooted name that means son of Gome. with ten spokes, the outer wheel made up of alternating laminates of mahogany and spruce, the spokes baluster turned, with a mahogany hub reinforced with brass plates. Znade Ltitia Julie Bonaparte (1801-1854) was a niece of Napoleon. [Becki], Bernadette Saint Bernadette Soubirous (19th century) was .. Benadette, Benny, Beradette, Bernadea and Bernadeena are more rare as variant forms of Bernadette. I'm not including the accents, because lazy. He also remained one of the most admired European artists in the 18th and 19th centuries. These are also some of the most common surnames in Spanish-speaking countries like Mexico and Cuba. Unfortunately your payment just failed. At first, these surname variations were not passed down. Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. , and what are their meanings? Spanish Army Uniformology Course and Graduates Emblem.svg 788 939; 1,003 KB. : A variation on this surname would be Herrero, meaning ironworker or smith. Here are 10 of the most common Spanish last names today. It hit the top 100 in 2015 . Here are some examples of occupation Spanish surnames. <given name> <patronymic>. Spain in the 17th century. Popular names of the period 1880s. Fransico de Goya was considered the best Spanish painter of Neoclassicism and Romanticism. That sons name would be Fernando Nunez Garcia. What are the most commonSpanish surnames, and what are their meanings? Here is the list of 18th century names for boys. In fact, each culture has its own naming conventions for those with Spanish surnames, your Spanish surname may indicate an ancestors occupation or hometown. Rivera - The Spanish word for "riverbank". Youll need to find out what naming pattern your ancestors followed, and if they kept that surname unchanged over the centuries. However, over time these names had suffixes added to them like ez, is and oz. It is named after a conically-shaped sweet. These names were found in a family tree book published by a distant relative. A quick Google shows it on one local doctor, so it may be a regional thing. Male Female 18th Century Generate names used in Spain during the 18th century. Menu. Residents who lived around a cold mountain could have the surname Mendoza passed down to their son. (2004 data confirmation of top 25), List of the most common surnames in Mexico:[2], List of the most common surnames in Cuba:[4]. What about the old-fashioned Spanish names? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Florida stereoscopic card. While Puerto . The new soldier-settlers fathered Clemento. The most trendy names for newborns in this compilation are Charlotte (#6), Aurora (#44), Adeline (#78), Ophelia (#373) and Gemma (#229), while Arora (TOP 7%) and Cluver (51%) are popular surnames. Two old men eating by Francisco de Goya, 1820 - 1823, via Prado museum, Madrid. Information on our advertising guidelines can be found. This explains why spouses would have separate sets of double surnames from their son. However, this naming practice started to become universally common in the 19th century. De la Cruz Spanish Spanish cognate of Delacroix. Male Female 17th Century Don't like the names? Introduction. Let's look at an example of a patronymic name. But at the Great Exhibition of 1851 Minton launched colourful lead-glazed earthenwares in neo-Renaissance or naturalistic forms called 'Palissy-ware'. Mantilla -- a long lace or silk veil that women wear over their heads and shoulders. Adoption of Beatrice and variants as baby names in 2018 was 81% more than a decade ago. are comparable to the common Eddie. Spanish names can be found throughout Europe, Latin America, and the United States. Mexican American Immigration, and Discrimination, Begins. However, unlike . See also Urena. Research output: Contribution to journal : Contribution to journal The 200 most popular names were taken from a universe that includes 1,177,157 male births and 1,399,566 female births . An 18th century socio-racial classification system used in the Spanish American colonies. The use of two surnames was originally introduced in the Middle Ages by Madrid's Castillian kings. Then if they have a baby boy named Leonardo, his full name will be Leonardo Hernandez Lopez. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. These are some of the most common surnames in Spain that also tell you more about the site of the hometown of its first bearer. Today, many Spanish surnames incorporate multicultural elements. This category has the following 6 subcategories, out of 6 total. Pueblo Revival. However, knowing the origin of your Hispanic surname is just the beginning. Though it's very uncommon to find people wearing this hat now, it was worn by people in Catalonia and Ibiza till the 19th century; it became more synonymous with Catalan identity. Abello. As time passed, these patronymic surnames were fixed and passed down to children, eventually becoming the common surnames we know today. What about the old-fashioned Spanish names? : A Latin name that is derived from the Roman god Mars, and research shows he is the traditional protective god of many Latin families. Wood Shingle Exterior Colonial on Large Property (circa 1840) What an incredible 1.03 acre property this equally beautiful wood-shingle colonial home sits. I love Mexican girl names, and I'm really feeling Paloma, Salma, and Serefina right now. Donato. : A last name meaning son of Ruy, this last name is also a variation or nickname for Rodrigo. Really digging Olaya, and if I ever have a boy, Joaquin is in the running. Crisoforo Elijio Eustolio Estanislado Medardo Uvaldo Flavio Macedonio Girl Names: Sinforiana Hormecinda Silveria Marcolfa Olaya Aveldia Cleofas Senovia These are names I had seen before, and still like. as baby names in 2018 was up 1.9% compared to the previous year. Isabella's role in the Affair of the Spanish Marriages added to the 19th century's European . Considered the most important Spanish painter of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, Francisco Goya began his professional life as a court painter to the Spanish Monarchy. Even buildings in a hometown could eventually become the source of a geographic surname. iStock. As the worlds #1 photo restoration studio, weve restored over 100,000 photos for customers all around the world. Leo (M) (Russian origin) means "lion". HOKA dropped a brand new version of their most popular shoe, Residents curious about 'U.S. Scroll down to see if your name is listed here you may be surprised! The 200 most popular names were taken from a universe that includes 1,467,410 male births and 3,106,292 female births <given name> <other> The idea of surnames, or last names, is not a common nor universal practice. These suffixes meant son of, and would be added to the end of a Spanish surname. Modern Generate names used in Spain during the 20th and 21st century. [Cammelia, Camelia, .. 1 more], Carina Late 19th century coinage: pet form .. half of the names from the Catlogoare of this form. Ada - Elita | Emeline - Matilda | Melina - Weslee | Wistar - Zinnia Ada - Elita Ada .. use before the late 18th century. Historically they were fitted and embroidered, and in the 19th century the gilet was a bodice shaped like a man's waistcoat. [Agye, Agy, Agueda, Agotha, Aggye, Aggy, Agapet, Ag, .. 17 more], Agnes .. was revived in the 19th century .. Well-used, with usage of 0.044% for Agnes and variants as baby names in 2018, higher than 0.032% the previous year. It was only later in the 16th century that the voyages of Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan (1480-1521) first brought Catholicism to the archipelago, originally named St. Lazarus' Islands by Spanish explorer Ruy Lpez de Villalobos (1500? The Spanish version of Clement, this classic name means "gentle." 11/40. <given name> <patronymic> Ex. Iberian was spoken in pre-Roman Spain. The Royal Spanish Academy at the end of the 19th century: The diccionario de la lengua Castellana of 1899 (13th edition). A Jos Mara Albiana Mansel Alcantra Infante Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime Concepcin Arenal Jos Joaqun de Arrillaga Marcelo Azcrraga B Juan Nicols Bhl de Faber Gernimo Boscana Iglesias is a common surname that had its roots in an ancestor living near churches. 40. / Nadal, Gloria Clavera. For people who want to learn more about their family history, their surname is always a great place to start. [Mabel, Amabelle, .. 3 more]. Victorian surnames in England and Wales supposedly evolved from a medieval naming practice known as "byname," where a person's occupation, locality, or nickname would be added to distinguish two people with the same Christian name.The fifty most common Victorian surnames in England and Wales for 1853 are listed . Usage of these girl names reached its highest during 1910-1919 (ADOPTION OF 15.28%) and is now much lower (ADOPTION 5.55%, DOWN 64%), with names like Virginia becoming somewhat outmoded.
Dave Ohrt Obituary,
Zane Taylor Obituary,
Matt Williams Daughter,
How Much Did Taron Egerton Get Paid For Rocketman,
Stryker Stretcher Repair Training,
Articles OTHER
