A) axon B) dendrite C) neurolemma DI) Schwann cell. copyright 2003-2023 Homework.Study.com. Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system. (organalle) inside them, which is necessary to formation of mitotic. D) A small . B) chloride What is the role of calcium in synaptic activity? a. on dendrites. B) Schwann cells d. astrocytes. b. Medulla c. Myasthenia Gravis. An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) is associated with ________. Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? A) Group C fibers are not capable of saltatory conduction. What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in the neurons? Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. The autonomic has two divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic. Explain why some forms of MS are characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. c. Activation of preganglionic parasympathetic neurons B) type of stimulus receptor D) generator potential. a. Trigeminal nerve c. Hippocampus Which of the following is not a special characteristic of neurons? A drug that increases appetite would likely affect: The prefrontal cortex is important for working memory function. a. hippocampus 41. Sensory and motor divisions. The resting membrane potential is maintained by Na+-K+ pumps that actively transport __ into and ___ out of the cell. D) the impulse would move to the axon terminal only, and the muscle contraction would occur, Which of the following neurotransmitters inhibits pain and is mimicked by morphine, heroin, and methadone? a. Epigenetic markers inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. glia b.) Answer (1 of 3): So a neuron is a specialized cell in the brain with certain characteristics. the somatic nervous system. d. M1. b. Constricted airways Which of the following membrane regions would have significant numbers of voltage-gated ion channels? b. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from CNS to skeletal muscles. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of epithelial tissue? Briefly describe 6 effects this division has on the body. The latter from the brain to the spinal cord. Which of the following lists the components found in a synapse? destroy ACh a brief period after its release by the axon endings. a. parietal lobe. B They have extreme longevity. True or False, Axon diameter and degree of myelination determine nerve impulse conduction velocity. c. Neuromuscular junction c. basal ganglia. 11. B) synapse ATP-dependent "motor" proteins such as kinesin, dynein, and myosin are responsible. likely to occur? b. the structure is closer to the midline of the brain. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of smooth muscle? 9. C) Sodium gates will open first, then close as potassium gates open. d. None of these are correct. There are two well-characterized cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R and other candidates): the central nervous system (CNS) enriched CB1R and peripheral tissue enriched CB2R with a wide dynamic range of expression levels in different cell types of human tissues. 57. Neurons may be classified according to several characteristics. Which of the following surrounds PNS neurons and provides support? a. Neurogenetics 9. B) excitatory potential A) sodium d. parasympathetic nervous system. In your opinion, is "A Christmas Memory" merely a vivid portrayal of a memory, or does it also convey a theme, or message? Potentials that are short-lived, local changes in membrane potential that can be either depolarized or hyperpolarized are called ________ potentials. c. Proteoglycans The parts of neurons that receive information from other neurons are called: 4. b. the medulla. a. Alzheimer's disease. A) They conduct impulses. Characteristics of the Neuron. Which of the following best describes the function of astrocytes? D) astrocytes, What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? C) Group B fibers are highly myelinated and have the highest conduction velocities. What are the possible responses? b. expect to find increased blood flow. Neurons that lie between sensory neurons and motor neurons are called ________. a. improve working memory. a) The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the first motor neuron. Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. The parasympathetic division includes the splanchnic nerves. b. they prevent axons from re-growing. While taking notes in class, a student had keep in mind what the professor had just stated in The cell bodies of the upper motor neurons are located in the spinal cord B. B) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles C) Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the axons terminals of cells. c. hindbrain. What functional class of neuron carries impulses away from the CNS to muscles or glands? Which nervous system subdivision is a chain of two motor neurons consisting of a preganglionic and a postganglionic neuron? a. What is an example of a presynaptic cell? The axon c. The dendrites d. The Nissl bodies. After peripheral nerve injuries, damaged axons can regenerate but functional recovery is limited by the specific reinnervation of targets. The nucleus accumbens facilitates fear and aggression. Aim: The Combining Mechanisms for Better Outcomes randomized controlled trial assessed the effectiveness of various spinal cord stimulation (SCS) modalities for chronic pain. b. Epigenetics Central Nervous System The membrane potential of the postsynaptic membrane changes. 29. A drug that reduces the activity of the amygdala would likely: Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? A neuron is a cell that communicates with the brain. e. guide the migration of young neurons, syna, Which describes the function of dendrites? negatively charged and contains less sodium. 1. Which nervous sytem is responsible for delivering voluntary motor signals from the CNS to d. inferior colliculus. B) Ions always move passively across membranes. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. 48. Neurons and muscle cells are considered excitable tissues because they do what? Calcium influx into the synaptic terminal causes vesicle fusion. Which of the following cells are not found in a connective tissue? D. Skeletal muscles supports the weight of some internal organs. Download Citation | Crosstalk between m6A mRNAs and m6A circRNAs and the time-specific biogenesis of m6A circRNAs after OGD/R in primary neurons | Cerebral ischaemiareperfusion injury is an . d. Sensory efferent neurons po. B) negatively charged and contains less sodium E) guide the migration of young neurons, synapse formation, and helping to determine capillary permeability. She asks the nurse,"Why did this have to happen to me again? Are most pedagogues more interested in automation or orthography? c. lead to foreign substances entering the brain from the circulatory system. Then, underline the verb in parentheses that agrees with the subject. Identify the neuron type described: A functional neuron type most prevalent in the CNS. A single type of channel will open, permitting simultaneous flow of sodium and potassium. The synaptic cleft prevents an impulse from being transmitted directly from one neuron to another. depression would be an example of: As a component of the hyperdirect and indirect pathways, the STN is important for constraining movement, thought, and emotion through synaptic excitation of GABAergic basal ganglia output neurons. A) the membrane potential has been reestablished d. astrocytes form and maintain the blood-brain barrier. The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called a (n) ________. They have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. In the presence of invading microbes, microglial cells become macrophages to phagocytize the microbes and neuronal debris. Specialized cells in the nervous system that control behavior, senses, and movement are called: a. neurons. O They have extreme longevity. d. The cerebral cortex is found on the surface of the brain. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. c. cause the release of neurotrophins. Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. c. provide the defense for the CNS. Which division of your nervous system is generating this response? The midbrain contains the: 13. The former make connections from the spinal cord to the muscles. 27. Even though someone is diagnosed with MS, the axons are not damaged. What is the functional neuron type that is the most prevalent in the CNS? d. Polymorphism, 50. B) voltage-gated channel The characteristics that vary on a continuum among people, such as height, skin color, or intelligence, are most likely determined by polygenic inheritance. What distinguishes nerve cells and other excitable membranes (e.g., muscle cells) is that they are capable of changing their resting potential. analyzes sensory information, stores information, makes decisions. 1. B) A nerve impulse occurs if the excitatory and inhibitory effects are equal. c. they form an insulating material around axons. A) senses changes in the environment a. that a person will have a polymorphism. c. medulla C) They increase amplitude as they move away from the stimulus point. Neurons require continuous and abundant supplies of oxygen, and cannot survive for more than a few minutes without it. b. smooth muscle cells are uninucleated. True or False, Large-diameter nerve fibers conduct impulses much faster than small-diameter fibers. B) called neuroglial cells nerve impulses) Need constant supply of nutrients and oxygen O All of the listed answer choices . Which cell causes endothelial cells to fit closely together? The hills on the surface of the brain are referred to as: All of the following describe the functions of astrocytes except: What are the properties of myelinated axons which makes them ideal for long-distance motor control of skeletal muscle? Neurons synapse with: a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of these. alternations to DNA sequences? inability to divide by mitosis long cell life span (longevity) high aerobic metabolic rate ability to survive in anaerobic (Uithout oxygen) conditions. Hepatocytes and neurons express low baseline CB1R and CB2R, respectively, and their cell-type-specific functions are not well defined. a. neuromuscular junction. the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. which ofthe following is correct? Answer: Option D is correct Explanation: Neurons generally do not e. These gases are neurotransmitters that act indirectly. (a) microglia (b) oligodendrocytes (c) ependymal cells (d) astrocytes. 68. Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli. (a) hardened cells and neurons (b) neurons and supporting cells (c) chondrocytes and neurons (d) neuronocytes and smooth muscle cells. ATP neurotransmitters have what basic effect on the body? Strong stimuli cause the amplitude of action potentials generated to increase. What do ANS neurons regulate with regard to mechanical digestion? Which of the following is not a structural feature of a neuron? B) muscle contraction would occur a. Dendrite b. Central Nervous System C) innervation of glands Neurons are a type of cell and are part of the nervous system. See Page 1. B) are found on "pathfinder" neurons The characteristic neurologic picture including loss of consciousness, temporary respiratory arrest, and loss of reflexes. Its structure is multipolar. b. efferent neuron. ependymal cells____ help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid: which of the following is an excitatory nerotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscles? a. meninges. Discover and discuss the meaning of dendrites, axon, membrane polarization, membrane depolarization, and synapses. a. anchor neurons to blood vessels. A) ependymal cells 26. a. motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands. Which of the following is the study of mechanisms of gene expression not involving (a) They conduct impulses. c. interneurons make inhibitory connections with damaged neurons. 10. The part of the neuron responsible for receiving, integrating, and sending nerve impulses is the A. dendrite. 61. Damage to the hippocampus would likely cause impairments to long-term memory Neurotransmitter is released from presynaptic neurons through what mechanism? c. myelin around axons. 15. D) glial cell, Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________. a.) When one or more presynaptic neurons fire in rapid order it produces a much greater depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane than would result from a single EPSP; this event is called ________ summation. B) The release of neurotransmitter molecules gives cells the property of being electrically coupled. C) biogenic amine All preganglionic neurons in the ANS are cholinergic. The greater the density of spines along dendrites, the greater a neuron's: 5. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. This results in increased speed of impulse propagation. Myelination of the nerve fibers in the central nervous system is the job of the oligodendrocyte, Efferent nerve fibers may be described as motor nerve fibers. 1.Sensory. a. Basal ganglia Sensory receptors for touch (and pressure) respond to physical deformation of the receptors, resulting in the opening of specific mechanically gated ion channels. Polygenic inheritance is the inheritance of traits that are influenced by multiple genes. When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called ________ processing. What structural classification describes this neuron? The synaptic cleft b. c. decrease anxiety. c. Motor efferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. To find the time when this object reaches the position x=0x=0x=0 we can use the quadratic formula, or apply the following two-step procedure: (a) Use Equation v2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2axv^2=v_0^2+2 a\left(x-x_0\right)=v_0^2+2 a \Delta xv2=v02+2a(xx0)=v02+2ax to show that the velocity of the object when it reaches x=0x=0x=0 is given by v=v022ax0v=\pm \sqrt{v_0^2-2 a x_0}v=v022ax0. A) act as a transmitting agent A toxin that destroyed the presynaptic terminal on an axon would likely: 7. Expert Answer. Transcribed image text: Which of the following is not a characteristic of neurons? d. hypothalamus. c. Electrical impulses would be unable to travel down axons. c. sensory and motor neurons that su. (b) Ordinary tungsten incandescent lightbulbs used in households are filled with argon gas at about 0.5 atm to retard the sublimation of the tungsten filament. Which of the following portions of the neuron transmits neurotransmitters? A) postsynaptic potential The person would have impaired movement while the drug's effects were active. . a. efferent neuron b. afferent neuron c. association neuron d. glial cell, Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? If an experimental drug produced physiological effects similar to nitric oxide, then a 1.Introduction. The human body is made of about 100 billion neurons. Name the two other neuron types which are cholinergic. Enkephalins and endorphins are peptides that act like morphine. b. Reactive astrocytes d. acetylcholine. a. tegmentum. What does the central nervous system use to determine the strength of a stimulus? Diminished cerebral blood flow increases oxygen to neurons. d. pituitary gland. Some axon terminals contain more than one kind of neurotransmitter. a. the classification is based on the number of processes extending from the cell body b. multipolar neurons have several axons and one dendrite c. most neurons in the; Which of the following neurons forms the blood-brain barrier? A) An excitatory postsynaptic potential occurs if the excitatory effect is greater than the inhibitory effect but less than threshold. d. it fills spaces in the brain. Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Inter-Neurons Diminished release of acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic neurons would: c. Autonomic Nervous System b. Neurons would be unable to form the blood-brain barrier. having a low appetite. d. Nuclei. D) spinal cord and spinal nerves, The substance released at axon terminals to propagate a nervous impulse is called a(n) ________. kg 1), . C) calcium A) motor fibers that conduct nerve impulses from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands c. Inhibited digestion formation. Identify the neuron type described: Two functional neuron types that are structurally multipolar neurons. When the neurons were damaged, the number of Nissl corpuscles decreased significantly . The actual cause of the neurodegenerative component of the disease is however unclear. b. Broca's Aphasia. 71. d. medulla. b. Sensory afferent neurons possess long dendrites and short axons. B) They can form on receptor endings. C) negatively charged and contains more sodium. Responding to brain injury is an important function of astrocytes. A) acetylcholine The oligodendrocytes can myelinate several axons, Cell bodies of sensory neurons may be located in ganglia lying outside the central nervous system, During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative. a. it is not an increase in membrane potential b. causes the voltage of the internal membrane towards zero c. inside the membrane becomes more positive than resting potential d. lowers the probability of producing an action potential e. none of the above. b. Ventral root Discovering that someone has glial scars means suggests that: Which of the following is an excitatory neurotransmitter secreted by motor neurons innervating skeletal muscle? 7. B) They can form on receptor endings. ________ is a disease that gradually destroys the myelin sheaths of neurons in the CNS, particularly in young adults. researcher would: Describe the structure of neurons 2. 30. c. reticular formation. C) voltage stimulus to initiate a. temporal lobe. a. the person had neurons that did not form correctly during neural development. Unipolar,Bipolar,Multipolar. b. it provides a medium for nutrients to cells. c. Astrocytes a) Myelinated axons transmit nerve impulses via continuous conduction. 55. The principles outlined above can be applied to the neuron and its ionic contents.. D) control the chemical environment around neurons To reveal how individual NAc neurons respond to reward, we implanted gradient index (GRIN) lenses in the NAcLat and the NAcMed and recorded single-neuron calcium activity using a miniature head-mounted microscopy (Figures 2 A and 2B). threshold Voltage-gated Na+ a. polymorphisms. DI) They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate. A person suffering from an inability to speak the word she intends to say, sometimes a. Amygdala c. gene duplication. a. 67. d. reticular activating system. What is a credit line? A genetic mutation caused by an error in replicating or repairing a gene is called: order to draw a diagram in her notebook. b. forebrain. c. meninges. b. cause inattention. C) opens K+ or Cl- channels c) Neurons are the most abundant type of cell in nervous tissue. a. Somatic Nervous System D) Schwann cell, Which ion channel opens in response to a change in membrane potential and participates in the generation and conduction of action potentials? What do neurons synapse with? a. corpus callosum. That part of the nervous system that is voluntary and conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscles is the ________ nervous system. Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons? b. hypothalamus. group cfibers are not capable of salatory conduction. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? All rights reserved. adjacent axon segment. d. They are the same as any other cells. innervation of glands. In general, neurons cannot be replaced if destroyed. Generally, these traits are not determined by just one gene, but instead by the cumulative effect . c. the person had a past traumatic brain injury. Name two amino acid neurotransmitters, two catecholamines, and two peptides. C) oligodendrocytes What is a substance released from neurons that influences the sensitivity of neurons to neurotransmitters called? High metabolic rate C. Require continuous supplies of glucose and oxygen D. Extreme longevity E. No exceptions; all of these are characteristic of neurons. cells would most likely be responsible? 2.Motor. a. Oligodendrocytes 4. b. auditory information. b. that a person is genetically female. b. cerebellum. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Europe's communications systems? D) all sodium gates are closed, In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? Which of the following statements is true? The presence of at least one Y chromosome indicates: a. Pupil dilation The small layer of tissue surrounding the cerebral aqueduct in the brain is called: Damage to the ________________ could cause changes to one's motivation to eat, such as As you start working out, you notice that your heart rate and breathing rate start to increase. Which of the following is not true concerning the structural classification of neurons? c. synapses. 34. Which of the following is not a chemical class of neurotransmitters? b. prevent electrical impulses from traveling down axons. If a physician identified her patient as a low drug metabolizer, which of the following is most d. represent a general decline of autonomic nervous system activity. Which of the following plays an integral role in saltatory conduction? Contains lymphatic vessel. A . Which nerve cells carry impulses from the brain to the muscles? A) short distance hyperpolarization c. occipital lobe. A) They conduct impulses. d. at the axon terminal. D. They have an exceptionally high metabolic rate., These cells in the CNS have cilia that move in order to circulate cerebrospinal fluid ________. d. motor neuron. a. Functional genomics 31. Many drugs that produce highly enjoyable effects likely do so by affecting the: D) potassium, Nerve cell adhesion molecules (N-CAMs) ________. E) provide the defense for the CNS, Which of the choices below describes the ANS? Diminished activation of postganglionic sympathetic neurons The person would have impaired decision making while the drug's effects were active. Which of the following mechanisms is most significant in returning Na+ and K+ concentrations to resting ionic conditions (from point D to point E)? B) provide the defense for the CNS d. act as transcription factors. When a sensory neuron is excited by some form of energy, the resulting graded potential is called a(n) ________. Indicate the number of orbitals in the 6p sublevel. STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NERVOUS AND GLIAL CELLS. d. touch information. b) The preganglionic neuron (sometimes called the ganglionic neuron), is the second motor neuron. Which of the following are true about neurons? The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the body for rigorous activity. As specifically as you can, outline the steps you would take to insert and express the gene for a new, nutritious seed protein in wheat. help to circulate the cerebrospinal fluid. It is shown that localized co-injection of lidocaine derivative QX-314 and receptor agonists is able to block cold sensitivity in mice in a targeted way, with implications for treating cold pain associated with injury and disease. It impacts your spinal cord and the nerves that transmit and receive messages between your brain and the rest of your body. Upper motor neurons are classified according to the pathways they travel in C. The Babinski response is not characteristic of paralysis from UMN lesions D) moves membrane potential away from threshold. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of neurons? a. other neurons b. muscles c. glands d. all of the above, All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons EXCEPT: a. What portion of the neuron receives signals from other neurons? The cerebral cortex is located in the forebrain. Motorneurons release acetylcholine at: D) They are short-lived. Discovering that early life stress may cause polymorphisms that increase the risk of a. Multi-polar neurons b. Bipolar neurons c. Uni-polar neurons. b. In which area of the neuron is an action potential initially generated? All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. b. dorsal horn 32. A postsynaptic cell can be a neuron, a muscle cell, or a secretory cell. True or False, Unipolar neurons have axons structurally divided into peripheral and central processes. A neuron that has as its primary function the job of connecting other neurons is called a(n) ________. Local anesthetics block voltage-gated Na+ channels, but they do not block mechanically gated ion channels. 12. First, consider an object with an initial position x0x_0x0, an initial velocity v0v_0v0, and an acceleration aaa. d. ribosome transcription. Imagine a neuron that has several hundred axonal knobs impinging on it. b. increasing glial scarring. 74. a. ribosomes. Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord. What symptoms would a nurse focus on in his or her care of a patient with multiple sclerosis? Neurons in the CNS are organized into functional groups. What are the different types of motor neurons? Which of the following is not characteristic of neurons. 10. d. cerebral blood vessels. D) gamma aminobutyric acid, Which of the following describes the nervous system integrative function? The importance of a stimulus is derived from the number of stimuli received from the same source. Specifically, combination therapy (simultaneous use of customized sub-perception field and paresthesia-based SCS) versus monotherapy (paresthesia-based SCS) was evaluated. D) stimulate the production of acetylcholine, Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system? b. Neurotrophins b. the blood-brain barrier What function is served by the increased axon diameter at the nodes of Ranvier? Which of the following is not true of graded potentials? Just what does pass from the neurons to the muscle c. Neurons are specialized cells that can do which of the following that most other cells cannot do? A neuron was found to originate in the hippocampus and terminate in the prefrontal cortex. If a motor neuron in the body were stimulated by an electrode placed about midpoint along the length of the axon ________. 45. a) ion b) cholinesterase c) neurotransmitter d) biogenic amine. d. the person has a history of drug abuse. B. Skeletal muscles store nutrient reserves. c. striations present are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin. Is the information in this quote about afferent of efferent? In each of the following sentences, circle the phrase following the subject. Collections of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called ________. C) They are mitotic. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) play a vital role in conveying complex information from hair cells to the brainstem (Shrestha et al., 2018).As the injury or degeneration of SGNs is particularly devastating to hearing function, thus the repair of SGNs is of great importance in hearing-related biomedical fields (Petitpre et al., 2018; Wei et al., 2021). D. axon hillock. C. Skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart. (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell, (c) Action potential arrives at axon terminal (a) Voltage-gated calcium channels open (e) Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft (b) Neurotransmitter binds to receptors (f) Graded potential generated in postsynaptic cell (d) Neurotransmitter is removed from the synaptic cleft. B. A) nuclei Therefore, the axon can release one or more neurotransmitters simultaneously, creating singular or multiple events. c. neurons. 12. b. b. reduce the activity of postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Multiple Choice. C) action potential The cerebellum is located in the: It is concluded that motor and sensory axons have a different substrate preference at early postnatal stages but this difference is lost in the adult. C) found in ganglia b. Preganglionic neurons are short and synapse in ganglia located near the spinal cord. In what way does the interior surface of a cell membrane of a resting (nonconducting) neuron differ from the external environment? a. 2. True or False, Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? d. gray matter. Which of the following will occur when an excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is being generated on the dendritic membrane?
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