moderna myocarditis rate

endobj More information is available, Recommendations for Fully Vaccinated People, Investigating Long-Term Effects of Myocarditis | CDC, Clinical Considerations: Myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Possibility of COVID-19 Illness after Vaccination, Investigating Long-Term Effects of Myocarditis, How and Why CDC Measures Vaccine Effectiveness, Monitoring COVID-19 Cases, Hospitalizations, and Deaths by Vaccination Status, Monitoring COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, In both cases, the bodys immune system causes inflammation in response to an infection or some other trigger. xVMo8#Yi~*vSh6vm";Bk+;#{7BWAl)q7MgGSs]Hg>^Dx+2 2Mz49K-+i2\?')I!crVZ Pv)(v0Rv0`U4')>og)o|VA( CpN4yLc7zL''E->3`Vlk2dmUH'IS[X,sKWsQh &5ER(BBze?>M>#)V. FOIA Members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices COVID-19 Vaccines Work Group: Edward Belongia, Center for Clinical Epidemiology & Population Health, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute; Dayna Bowen Matthew, George Washington University Law School; Oliver Brooks, National Medical Association; Jillian Doss-Walker, Indian Health Service; Marci Drees, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America; Jeffrey Duchin, Infectious Diseases Society of America; Kathy Kinlaw, Center for Ethics, Emory University; Doran Fink, Food and Drug Administration; Sandra Fryhofer, American Medical Association; Jason M. Goldman, American College of Physicians; Michael Hogue, American Pharmacists Association; Denise Jamieson, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Jeffery Kelman, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services; David Kim, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Susan Lett, Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists; Kendra McMillan, American Nurses Association; Kathleen Neuzil, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine; Sean OLeary, American Academy of Pediatrics; Christine Oshansky, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority; Stanley Perlman, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa; Marcus Plescia, Association of State and Territorial Health Officials; Chris Roberts, National Institutes of Health; William Schaffner, National Foundation for Infectious Diseases; Kenneth Schmader, American Geriatrics Society; Bryan Schumacher, Department of Defense; Rob Schechter, Association of Immunization Managers; Jonathan Temte, American Academy of Family Physicians; Peter Szilagyi, University of California, Los Angeles; Matthew Tunis, National Advisory Committee on Immunization Secretariat, Public Health Agency of Canada; Thomas Weiser, Indian Health Service; Matt Zahn, National Association of County and City Health Officials; Rachel Zhang, Food and Drug Administration. Abara WE, Gee J, Marquez P, Woo J, Myers TR, DeSantis A, Baumblatt JAG, Woo EJ, Thompson D, Nair N, Su JR, Shimabukuro TT, Shay DK. FLEG: Myocarditis is an uncommon complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The study showed males younger than 40 years old who received the Moderna vaccine were shown to have the highest rates of myocarditis, which according to the authors, may have implications for choosing specific vaccines for certain populations. Vaccination with BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna). Men under 40 who received a second dose of the Moderna vaccine had a higher risk of myocarditis following vaccination. No other disclosures were reported. COVID-19 is more likely than vaccines to cause myocarditis, and symptoms and outcomes are often worse. JAMA. Abbreviations: ICU=intensive care unit; VAERS = Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. The reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System met the case definition of myocarditis (reported cases). Baseline incidence rates (IRs), and vaccine- and dose-specific IRs and rate differences were calculated from the cohort The SCRI calculated calendar time-adjusted IR ratios (IRR), using a 60-day pre-vaccination control period and dose-specific . US researchers say teenagers are more likely to get vaccine-related myocarditis than end up in hospital with Covid Skip to main content Skip to navigation Print subscriptions CDC twenty four seven. Yes. Autopsy cases may be classified as confirmed clinical myocarditis on the basis of meeting histopathologic criteria if no other identifiable cause. To meet the ECG or rhythm monitoring criterion, a probable case must include at least one of 1) ST-segment or T-wave abnormalities; 2) Paroxysmal or sustained atrial, supraventricular, or ventricular arrhythmias; or 3) AV nodal conduction delays or intraventricular conduction defects. Using either the original or the revised Lake Louise criteria. Presence of 2 new or worsening of the following clinical features: new ST-elevation or PR-depression on EKG, new or worsening pericardial effusion on echocardiogram or MRI. 2021 Oct 1;6(10):1202-1206. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.2833. The rate is significantly higher - 450 cases per million infections. Among males aged 30 years, 15,300 COVID-19 cases, 4,598 hospitalizations, 1,242 ICU admissions, and 700 deaths could be prevented, compared with three to four expected myocarditis cases after COVID-19 vaccination. Crude reporting rates were calculated across age and sex strata. In a population-based cohort study of adolescents and adults in Denmark who received two doses of the same mRNA vaccine against COVID, the risk of myocarditis or myopericarditis within 28 days. See this image and copyright information in PMC. You can review and change the way we collect information below. The rates of myocarditis were highest after the second vaccination dose in adolescent males aged 12 to 15 years (70.7 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), in adolescent males aged 16 to 17 years (105.9 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), and in young men aged 18 to 24 years (52.4 and 56.3 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine and the mRNA-1273 vaccine, respectively). More often after the second dose Heart 2013;99:16814. I can't remember when I heard about the myocarditis risk with the mRNA vaccines, especially Moderna, but it was definitely by the end of 2021. There were likely many cases that went unreported. (2022). Montgomery J, Ryan M, Engler R, Hoffman D, McClenathan B, Collins L, Loran D, Hrncir D, Herring K, Platzer M, Adams N, Sanou A, Cooper LT Jr. JAMA Cardiol. Researchers Identify Four Long COVID Categories. The median age of the 323 patients meeting CDCs case definitions was 19 years (range=1229 years); 291 were male, and 32 were female. Expected rates of myocarditis by age and sex were calculated using 2017-2019 claims data. Although numbers were too small to show rates in all subgroups by age, VSD data indicated increased risk of myocarditis in the 7 days after receipt of dose 1 or dose 2 of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine compared with the risk 2242 days after the second dose, particularly among younger males after dose 2 (5). Data sources: Klamer et al., 2022; Cordero et al., 2022; National Weather Service. Myocarditis has been linked with other vaccines, such as those that prevent influenza (flu), smallpox, and shingles.6. Am J Cardiol 2021;149:95102. The Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative is taking place at 80 centers across the country. Bookshelf We dont know exactly how often this happens, but one study estimated that myocarditis affects about 40 people out of every 1,000,000 people who test positive for COVID-19.3 However, myocarditis is much more common in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 (226 per 100,000). An elevated risk for myocarditis among mRNA COVID-19 vaccinees has been observed, particularly in males aged 1229 years. Objective: Chary M, Barbuto AF, Izadmehr S, Tarsillo M, Fleischer E, Burns MM. Id really like everyone to understand that the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccines strongly outweigh the very small risk of serious side effects. There were 826 cases of myocarditis among those younger than 30 years of age who had detailed clinical information available; of these cases, 792 of 809 (98%) had elevated troponin levels, 569 of 794 (72%) had abnormal electrocardiogram results, and 223 of 312 (72%) had abnormal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging results. This conversion might result in character translation or format errors in the HTML version. Myocarditis rates were highest after the second vaccination dose in young males between 12 and 15 years of age (70.7 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), in adolescent males age 16 to 17 years (105.9 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), and in young men age 18 to 24 years (52.4 and 56.3 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine . Payne AB, Gilani Z, Godfred-Cato S, et al. Last week, after reviewing data from a clinical . JAMA Netw Open. The most common symptoms are chest pain, fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and a rapid or irregular pulse. Among persons with reported myocarditis after mRNA vaccination, the median age was 26 years (range=1294 years), with median symptom onset interval of 3 days after vaccination (range=0179). Myocarditis and pericarditis have rarely been reported. ; MIS-C Incidence Authorship Group. Information on v-safe is available at https://www.cdc.gov/vsafe. The risk of myocarditis linked with COVID-19 illness is several times greater than the risk from vaccination, and it is often more serious.3,5,8 This is because the SARS-CoV-2 virus invades cells of the heart, plus the body generates an overactive immune response to the infection. A., Christakis, D. A., Cowell, L. G., Draper, C., Ghildayal, N., Harris, A. M., Kappelman, M. D., Ko, J. Y., Mayer, K. H., Nagavedu, K., Oster, M. E., Paranjape, A., Puro, J., Ritchey, M. D., Gundlapalli, A. V. (2022). 2023 Jan 17;11(2):208. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11020208. Of the nearly 21 million women, 7.2 million (34%) were younger than age 40, and a slightly increased risk of myocarditis was found among this younger age group after receiving a second dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine: 7 estimated extra cases of myocarditis for every one million women vaccinated. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Higher levels of vaccination coverage can reduce community transmission, which can protect against development and circulation of emerging variants. CDC and FDA will continue to closely monitor reports of myocarditis after receipt of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines and will bring any additional data to ACIP for consideration. However, COVID-19 illness is far more likely to cause myocarditis than are the vaccines. However, the balance of benefits and risks varied by age and sex because cases of myocarditis were primarily identified among males aged <30 years, and the risks of poor outcomes related to COVID-19 increase with age. The estimated incidence of myocarditis was 2 per 100,000 individuals, with the highest reported rate in males aged 16 to 29. FDA requires that vaccine providers report to VAERS vaccination administration errors, serious adverse events, cases of multisystem inflammatory syndrome, and cases of COVID-19 that result in hospitalization or death after administration of a COVID-19 vaccine under an EUA. ACIP recommendations for all COVID-19 vaccines are available at https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html. Though both complications were rare, data from Ontario show higher rates of myocarditis and pericarditis with the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine than with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, but the rates were lower for both vaccines if the spacing between receiving two doses was extended, according to a study late last week in JAMA Network Open.. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle, and . Jerome Fleg, M.D., a program officer with the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, oversees and conducts research on heart disease. Reports of myocarditis and pericarditis after vaccination are rare. They suggest the rates of myocarditis after the Moderna-NIAID vaccine may be two-and-a-half times higher. Vaccine 2015;33:4398405. Myocarditis reporting rates were 40.6 cases per million second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines administered to males aged 1229 years and 2.4 per million second doses administered to males aged 30 years; reporting rates among females in these age groups were 4.2 and 1.0 per million second doses, respectively. the rates per million doses were roughly 52 with the Pfizer shots and . Cooper LT Jr. Myocarditis. July 5, 2022, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Benefits of COVID-19 vaccines outweigh a very small risk of heart complications, You can learn more about myocarditis symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment from the NHLBI, Countermeasures Injury Compensation Program, Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER), CONNECTS-Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (CONNECTS-C4R), https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#vaccinations_vacc-total-admin-rate-total, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001001, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01630-0, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.08.013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12471-022-01677-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.046, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.01.037, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-022-02007-0, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2021.12.006, https://doi.org/10.1177/01410768211052589, https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.10.05.21264581. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Table 2. Accessibility Myocarditis related to COVID-19 vaccines seems to be caused by the bodys immune response to vaccination. ACIP emphasized the importance of informing vaccination providers and the public about the benefits and the risks, including the risk for myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination, particularly for males aged 1229 years. For more severe cases of myocarditis caused by a virus, such as SARS-CoV-2, people may need to stay in the hospital for a week or two often in the ICU. Some people may have minimal or no symptoms. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Conclusions and relevance: COVID-19 Therapeutics: Use, Mechanism of Action, and Toxicity (Vaccines, Monoclonal Antibodies, and Immunotherapeutics). A non-peer-reviewed retrospective paper, released as a pre-print, analyzed the rate of post-vaccination cardiac myocarditis in children aged 12-15 and 16-17 years who had received mRNA COVID . Before Moderna - 19 case of myocarditis and 19 cases of pericarditis out of 20 million doses given Five people died. Follow-up is ongoing to identify and understand longer-term outcomes after myocarditis occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. Canadian public health authorities also found that the rate of myocarditis was higher for both Moderna. 2022 Jun 1;5(6):e2218505. ACIP also reviewed population-level considerations regarding vaccination. JAMA Netw Open 2021;4:e2116420. The site is secure. Dr Soslow reported receiving personal fees from Esperare. Since June 2020, ACIP has convened 15 public meetings to review data on COVID-19 epidemiology and use of COVID-19 vaccines. For persons younger than 30 years of age, medical record reviews and clinician interviews were conducted to describe clinical presentation, diagnostic test results, treatment, and early outcomes. Using myocarditis cases reported to VAERS with onset within 7 days after dose 2 of an mRNA vaccine, crude reporting rates (i.e., using confirmed and unconfirmed cases) per million second dose recipients were calculated using national COVID-19 vaccine administration data as of June 11, 2021. Results: 2022 Jul 13;378:e069445. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Most of the suspected myocarditis cases in that study developed after the second dose and were among males between 12 and 39 years old. Among men ages 18 to 29 who received the Moderna vaccine, the rate was 22.9 per 100,000 doses. Treatment data in VAERS are preliminary and incomplete; however, many patients have experienced resolution of symptoms with conservative treatment, such as receipt of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Unfortunately, inflammation in the heart muscle can lead to serious complications, including heart failure, shock, or death. Data were used for the most recent week not subject to reporting delays prior to the ACIP meeting. CDC has provided guidance regarding evaluation and management of myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html), as well as considerations for a second vaccine dose in persons who develop myocarditis after a first dose (https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html). Accessed June 29, 2022, from. The clinical presentation and severity of myocarditis vary among patients. Current guidelines from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology recommend exercise restriction until the heart recovers.. Myocarditis. No alternatives to mRNA COVID-19 vaccines for adolescents will be available for the foreseeable future, and vaccination of adolescents offers protection against COVID-19 that can be important for returning to educational, social, and extracurricular activities. Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis and Viral Myocarditis Pathology. Vaccination with mRNA-1273 (Moderna) was associated with a significantly increased rate of myocarditis or myopericarditis, especially among individuals aged 12-39 years (adjusted hazard ratio 5.24 (95% confidence interval 2.47 to 11.12); absolute rate 5.7 (3.3 to 9.3) per 100 000 individuals aged 12-39 years within 28 days of vaccination) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Myocarditis Following Immunization With mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines in Members of the US Military. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:977982. Members of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices COVID-19 Vaccines Safety Technical Work Group: Robert Hopkins, National Vaccine Advisory Committee; Kathryn Edwards, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine; Lisa Jackson, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute; Jennifer Nelson: Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute; Laura Riley, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists; Patricia Whitley-Williams, National Medical Association; Tatiana Beresnev, National Institutes of Health; Karen Farizo, Food and Drug Administration; Hui Lee Wong, Food and Drug Administration; Judith Steinberg, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; Matthew Clark, Indian Health Service; Mary Rubin, Health Resources & Services Administration; Fran Cunningham, Veterans Administration; Limone Collins, Department of Defense. Saving Lives, Protecting People, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/clinical-considerations/myocarditis.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/clinical-considerations.html, https://www.fda.gov/emergency-preparedness-and-response/coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19/covid-19-vaccines, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/vacc-specific/covid-19.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/work-groups-vast/index.html, https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000239?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed#d3e785, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/ensuringsafety/monitoring/cisa/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/janssen/risk-benefit-analysis.html, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographicsovertime, https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_3.html, https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_5.html, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/science-briefs/fully-vaccinated-people.html, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#variant-proportions, https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-tracker/#demographics, https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/download, https://www.fda.gov/media/144637/download, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/pfizer/index.html, https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/info-by-product/moderna/index.html, https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2013-304449, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2021.03.019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.07.035, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16420, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109718388430?via%3Dihub, https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/36/42/2921/2293375, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Presence of 1 new or worsening of the following clinical symptoms:*, dyspnea, shortness of breath, or pain with breathing. As of June 11, 2021, approximately 296 million doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines had been administered in the United States, with 52 million administered to persons aged 1229 years; of these, 30 million were first and 22 million were second doses. Views equals page views plus PDF downloads. There were 13.3 cases of myocarditis per 100,000 in people 12 to 29 years old who got Moderna's vaccine compared to 2.7 cases per 100,000 people in that age group that got the Pfizer vaccine. Use of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine After Reports of Myocarditis Among Vaccine Recipients: Update from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices United States, June 2021. The rates of myocarditis cases were highest after the second vaccination dose in adolescent males aged 12 to 15 years (70.7 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), in adolescent males aged 16 to 17 years (105.9 per million doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine), and in young men aged 18 to 24 years (52.4 and 56.3 per million doses of the BNT162b2 . Within the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) (4), the national vaccine safety passive monitoring system, 1,226 reports of myocarditis after mRNA vaccination were received during December 29, 2020June 11, 2021. Males under age 40 who received the Moderna vaccine were shown to have the highest rates of myocarditis, and the researchers said the study's findings support the idea of recommending. Exposures: Overall myocarditis rates among males in this age group were 2.97 per 100,000, which rose to 2.27 per 100,000 after the second dose. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle; if it is accompanied by pericarditis, an inflammation of the thin tissue surrounding the heart (the pericardium), it is referred to as myopericarditis. Getting vaccinated to prevent severe COVID-19 cuts your risk of myocarditis. All HTML versions of MMWR articles are generated from final proofs through an automated process. "In general, the rate of myocarditis or myopericarditis was about threefold to fourfold higher for mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccination than that for BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccination," the. *** In addition, CDC has developed a voluntary smartphone-based online tool (v-safe) that uses text messaging and online surveys to provide near real-time health check-ins after receipt of a COVID-19 vaccine. All authors have completed and submitted the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors form for disclosure of potential conflicts of interest. Baggs J, Gee J, Lewis E, et al. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Severe myocarditis can cause long-lasting heart damage or even death. Healthcare Providers: For additional recommendations and clinical guidance, visit Clinical Considerations: Myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines. Myopericarditis after vaccination, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1990-2018. The benefit-risk analysis can be updated as needed to reflect changes in the COVID-19 pandemic and additional information on the risk for and outcomes of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination. They also recover normal heart function sooner.12. A small number of myocarditis and pericarditis cases have been reported for booster doses. Reporting rates of adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination, including those from booster doses, are very stable. Between 2001 and 2020, the Institute has funded 139 myocarditis studies at a cost of $43.6 million. As of now, the FDA Fact Sheet for Moderna's shot says "Myocarditis and pericarditis have occurred . https://gis.cdc.gov/grasp/COVIDNet/COVID19_3.html. Conflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Creech reported receiving grants from the National Institutes of Health for the Moderna and Janssen clinical trials and receiving personal fees from Astellas and Horizon. * These authors contributed equally to this work. Epidemiology of Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA Vaccination by Vaccine Product, Schedule, and Interdose Interval Among Adolescents and Adults in Ontario, Canada. Recent research about myocarditis, . * This analysis evaluated direct benefits and harms, per million second doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine given in each age group, over 120 days. We take your privacy seriously. Comparison of MIS-C Related Myocarditis, Classic Viral Myocarditis, and COVID-19 Vaccine related Myocarditis in Children. This risk should be considered in the context of the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. The reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System met the case definition of myocarditis (reported cases). J Med Toxicol. Su, J. R., McNeil, M. M., Welsh, K. J., Marquez, P. L., Ng, C., Yan, M., & Cano, M. V. (2021). Careers. Overall, the investigators found 2.13 myocarditis cases per 100,000 peopleagain, about a 0.002% incidencewith the highest incidence in men 16 to 29 years old, where it was 10.69 cases per 100,000 people, or a 0.011% incidence (95% CIs, 1.56 to 2.70 and 6.93 to 14.46, respectively). Approximately 96% of persons (784/813) were hospitalized and 87% (577/661) of these had resolution of presenting symptoms by hospital discharge. The y-axis range differs between panels A and B. Patone, M., Mei, X. W., Handunnetthi, L., Dixon, S., Zaccardi, F., Shankar-Hari, M., Watkinson, P., Khunti, K., Harnden, A., Coupland, C., Channon, K. M., Mills, N. L., Sheikh, A., & Hippisley-Cox, J. FDA has added information to the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine EUA and fact sheets regarding myocarditis cases that have been reported among vaccine recipients. Americans received more than 590 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines between December 2020 and June 2022.1 The most intensive safety monitoring system in U.S. history has made it possible to detect even very rare COVID-19 vaccine side effects, including myocarditis, which is inflammation of the heart muscle. Parents should speak with their childrens health care providers regarding the benefits and risks of vaccination against COVID-19. Abbreviations: AV = atrioventricular; cMRI=cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; ECG or EKG=electrocardiogram. The scientists are monitoring the health of a diverse group of people to learn about the long-term effects of COVID, including heart problems. Wong HL, Hu M, Zhou CK, Lloyd PC, Amend KL, Beachler DC, Secora A, McMahill-Walraven CN, Lu Y, Wu Y, Ogilvie RP, Reich C, Djibo DA, Wan Z, Seeger JD, Akhtar S, Jiao Y, Chillarige Y, Do R, Hornberger J, Obidi J, Forshee R, Shoaibi A, Anderson SA. Its clear that vaccination can protect you from myocarditis by protecting you from COVID-19 infection. Jerome Fleg, M.D.

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