Each is unique in its own right and no single model can account for all aspects of abnormality. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. 2.3.4.1. Treatment starts with determining situations in which assertiveness is lacking and developing a hierarchy of assertiveness opportunities. Evaluating the humanistic and existential perspectives. It influences blood pressure, thirst, contractions of the uterus during childbirth, milk production, sexual behavior and interest, body growth, the amount of water in the bodys cells, and other functions as well. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. Is there merit to this view? When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. c. operant conditioning. The child learns to interact with others without yelling. The motivation to form relationships with others is a central theme of: a. ego theory. The sociocultural model of abnormality focuses on all of these factors EXCEPT: Greshka spilled iced coffee on her shirt while sitting in the park. Cats were food deprived the night before the experimental procedure was to occur. a. cognitive-behavioral b. psychodynamic c. sociocultural d. humanistic-existential, 8. As time goes on, the client starts to ask the therapist's permission for everything, instead of just making the decisions on her own. Infants tend to do things that feel good. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. Operant conditioning is a type of associate learning which focuses on consequences that follow a response or behavior that we make (anything we do, say, or think/feel) and whether it makes a behavior more or less likely to occur. The use of these drugs has been generally beneficial to patients. According to the cognitive-behavioral model, this is an example of _____ behavior. In the case of borderline personality disorder, many people report experiencing traumatic life events such as abandonment, abuse, unstable relationships or hostility, and adversity during childhood. Did it start again and your parents could not figure out why? Psychopharmacology and psychotropic drugs. Figure 2.9 shows that that are two main components that make up a reinforcement schedule when you will reinforce and what is being reinforced. She could see the answers of the person next to her and briefly considered copying his answers. d. flight of ideas. 2.2.1.5. as part of their daily life and this can lead to disordered behavior (Lo & Cheng, 2014; Jones, Cross, & DeFour, 2007; Satcher, 2001), though some research suggests that ethnic identity can buffer against these stressors and protect mental health (Mossakowski, 2003). Its key figures were Abraham Maslow, who proposed the hierarchy of needs, and Carl Rogers, who we will focus on here. c. ego. Before introducing the current main models, it is crucial to understand what a model is. b. helping the client develop a stronger sense of self and rational thinking. Thoughts, as well as overt behaviors, are acquired and modified by various forms of conditioning. It was fun for me to swim in a lake near my house as a child. Conditioning. 2 Models of Abnormality There are six models in Abnormal Psychology which aim to describe and explain psychological abnormalities and how the treatment works for each. Types include habituation, or when we simply stop responding to repetitive and harmless stimuli in our environment such as a fan running in your laptop as you work on a paper, and sensitization, or when our reactions are increased due to a strong stimulus, such as an individual who experienced a mugging and now panics when someone walks up behind him/her on the street. Bacterial and viral infections. b. unconditional self-regard. d. displacement. Couples treated by couple therapy seem to show greater improvement than couples who do not receive treatment. Which model of abnormality does this quote MOST closely represent? 117. The model of abnormality that focuses on unconscious internal processes and conflicts in behavior is the _____ model. a. catharsis. c. This model focuses on abstract issues of human fulfillment. a. cognitive-behavioral Once the information has been interpreted, commands are sent out, telling the body how to respond (Step E), also via the peripheral nervous system. d. unconscious feelings of loss. a. psychodynamic b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. behavioral. According to the Genetics Home Reference website as part of NIHs National Library of Medicine, a gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity (https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene). b. ego. In respondent conditioning, learning happens in three phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and postconditioning. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: a. denial. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. So, if there are 10 objects/situations in the list, the client will experience ten such pairings and eventually be able to face each without fear. 83. If my mother or father consumes alcohol to feel better when things are tough, and it works, then I might do the same. It might be that the disorder causes dysfunction in the family, rather than the dysfunctional family causing the disorder. The so-called new wave of cognitive therapy differs from traditional cognitive therapy in that it emphasizes: A goal of behavior-focused therapy is to: replace problematic behaviors with more appropriate ones. The most common types of antidepressants are SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and include Citalopram, Paroxetine, and Fluoxetine (Prozac). Postconditioning. b. rationalization. Neurotransmitter imbalances and problems with brain structures/areas can result in mental disorders. Masons parents always pay special attention to him when he takes toys from his little sister. For each category, we have a schema, or a set of beliefs and expectations about a group of people, presumed to apply to all members of the group, and based on experience. What we would call conscience is MOST like what Freud would call the: a. defense mechanism. b. Over time, the temper tantrums become more and more common. During a therapy session, a client is told to pretend the therapist is her parent and to tell her "parent" why she is angry. If we are angry at someone, we may engage in physical or relational aggression to alleviate this stimulation. b. If your parents resort to alcohol consumption to deal with stressors life presents, then you also might do the same. Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has not been able to help her get rid of them. ADHD is more common in males than females, though females are more likely to have inattention issues. 127. _____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes. How so? All of the models include an element of the biological model. You might say neurotransmitters are part of a lock-and-key system. How so? In other words, they present themselves in a favorable light. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of. What are the three assessment techniques used by Freud? Dontrall observed his parents generous behavior throughout his childhood. This is an example of: Providing treatment as soon as it is needed so problems that are moderate or worse do not become long-term issues is called: Failure to treat many people with severe disturbances appropriately is MOST often a problem with which level of prevention? What is an important characteristic of group therapy? b. delusional thinking. b. Preconditioning. Describe how the sociocultural model explains mental illness. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. With its emphasis on abstract human values and responsibility, the humanistic-existential model does all of the following EXCEPT: a. resonate with many people who are eager to explore these issues. b. anxiety disorders. 166. c. explain the connection between religious practices and mental health. a. 25. Nervous breakdown c. Impairment d. Distress However, she went to the restroom to change instead. The main difference between these two systems is the speed with which they act. 2.3.1.3. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? The neuron next moves into a relative refractory period, meaning it can fire but needs higher than normal levels of stimulation. In contrast, Thanatos, our death instinct, is either directed inward as in the case of suicide and masochism or outward via hatred and aggression. Life involves a degree of uncertainty, and at times we must accept this. Whenever she has to attend a party, she only speaks to people she knows well. Learning has two main forms associative learning and observational learning. He developed the law of effect thanks to his work with a puzzle box. 84. We can also ask the patient probing questions, seek information from family members, examine medical records, and in time, organize and process all this information to better understand the persons condition and potential causes. Many disorders have genetic roots, are a result of hormonal imbalances, or caused by viral infections such as strep. What is this therapy? Operant conditioning is a type of associate learning which focuses on consequences that follow a response or behavior that we make (anything we do or say) and whether it makes a behavior more or less likely to occur. "What an individual views as abnormal behavior in public may be the only way to effectively interact with family members.". c. manifest content. The pituitary gland is the master gland which regulates other endocrine glands. 2.2.1.3. The term for the form of psychotherapy pioneered by Carl Rogers is: a. client-centered. d. reality principle. 77. d. who are not religious cope better with life stressors such as war and illness. d. the adverse effects of drugs will result in worse quality of life than the abnormality brings. d. the ways in which women express their femininity. Students also viewed PSY 381 Chapter 2 There are times when we learn by simply watching others. b. irrational thoughts contribute to ones feelings. b. d. The receiving neurons stop all firing. 2.2.1.6. 44. The existential perspective. 2.3.3.2. a. family-social b. multicultural c. psychodynamic d. humanistic-existential, 135. It consists of the brain and spinal cord. Once the electrical impulse reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, it stimulates synaptic vesicles or neurotransmitter sacs to release the neurotransmitter.
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